Tag: trauma

Wednesday Image Review

What is the diagnosis? By Dr. Cevallos

Carlos CevallosLeave a comment

A 38 year old male presents to the ED with a chief complaint of right wrist pain that began after a fall off a motorcycle the day prior. On exam, the patient is noted to have tenderness along his right distal radius, snuffbox tenderness, wrist swelling, and is unable to flex/extend the wrist. Normal pulses and sensation is present.

Wrist X-rays demonstrate the following:

What is the diagnosis?

Perilunate dislocation, scaphoid fracture, radial styloid fracture

Perilunate Dislocation:

  • Occur due to a high energy traumatic injury
  • Multiple wrist ligaments are injured with resultant dislocation of the capitate dorsally
  • Often associated with fractures of the radius, ulnar, or carpal bones
  • Imaging:
    • Lunate stays in place, dislocated bone is actually the capitate!
    • AP/PA XR may demonstrate “piece-of-pie” sign: triangular appearance of the lunate (yellow arrow)
    • Lateral XR: Proximal and dorsal displacement of the capitate (yellow arrow) with volar displacement of the lunate (green arrow).
      • The lunate remains articulated with the radius differentiating it from a lunate dislocation (lunate dislocation would have a “spilled-teacup” sign)
  • Management:
    • Emergent closed reduction is indicated to minimize complications such as: median nerve injury, cartilage damage, wrist function issues
    • Sugar-tong splint
    • Urgent orthopedic follow-up as most will require surgical fixation

References: 

Cheffers M. Wrist Reduction Techniques. In: Johnson W, Nordt S, Mattu A and Swadron S, eds. CorePendium. Burbank, CA: CorePendium, LLC. https://www.emrap.org/corependium/chapter/recoPqKOBgkCSHesR/Wrist-Reduction-Techniques#h.493xci6kkby6. Updated December 21, 2022. Accessed August 15, 2024.

Mark Karadsheh. “Lunate Dislocation (Perilunate Dissociation).” Orthobullets, 5 Nov. 2022, www.orthobullets.com/hand/6045/lunate-dislocation-perilunate-dissociation. “Solution to Unknown Case #30 – Perilunate Dislocation.” RADIOLOGYPICS.COM, 6 Jan. 2014, radiologypics.com/2013/03/28/perilunate-dislocation/.

Friday Board Review

Board Review with Dr. Edward Guo

Christine CollinsLeave a comment

A 33 year old male with no past medical history presents for right hand pain. He works in construction. A few weeks ago, there was a wooden splinter in his palm that has grown into a nodule. He denies any drug use. Vital signs are within normal limits. The right upper extremity is neurovascularly intact with full range of motion. There is a 1.5 cm pedunculate lesion shown below. It is firm and minimally tender to palpation with no bleeding or drainage. Which of the following is the appropriate treatment?

A: discharge with dermatology follow up

D: incision and drainage

C: oral cephalexin 

D: topical mupirocin ointment

Answer: A. discharge with dermatology follow up

This patient is presenting with a pyogenic granuloma, a benign vascular tumor that classically occurs after minor trauma in young adults and pregnant women. It most commonly occurs in the hands or oral cavity and will recur without proper treatment. A dermatologist can confirm the diagnosis with a biopsy. Incision and drainage, oral cephalexin, or topical mupirocin ointment are useful in the management of abscesses and infected wounds but are not appropriate for a pyogenic granuloma. Definitive treatment includes surgical excision, laser therapy, or electrocautery. 

References:
Holahan H, & Morrell D.S., & McShane D.B. (2020). Skin disorders: extremities. Tintinalli J.E., & Ma O, & Yealy D.M., & Meckler G.D., & Stapczynski J, & Cline D.M., & Thomas S.H.(Eds.), Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 9e. McGraw Hill.

Friday Board Review

Board Review with Dr. Edward Guo

Christine CollinsLeave a comment

A 17 year old male presents 20 minutes after having his tooth knocked out during a hockey game brawl. His parents preserved the tooth wrapped in a dry paper towel. He denies loss of consciousness or vomiting. Vitals are within normal limits. Exam shows a well-appearing male in no apparent distress with loss of tooth #8. The tooth socket is hemostatic, and there is no deformity or tenderness to palpation. The tooth is irrigated, replanted, and splinted. Which of the following is indicated at this time?

Acalcium hydroxide paste
Bconsult oral maxillofacial surgery
CCT facial bones
Ddoxycycline

Answer:

D. Doxycycline

This patient experienced a tooth avulsion with subsequent ED replantation. Notably, time to replantation is the most important prognostic factor. Doxycycline has also demonstrated some benefit in successful replantation of the tooth. Calcium hydroxide paste is used in dental fractures, not avulsions. Consulting oral maxillofacial surgery is not necessary after ED replantation, but the patient should have expedited dental follow up. CT facial bones will unlikely show an acute fracture given the patient has no clinical findings to suggest injury. A panoramic x-ray may be beneficial in confirming tooth position after replantation.

Tooth Avulsion
Time is tooth!
Rule of thumb: each minute = 1% lower chance of successful replantation
Transport solutions: Hank solution > milk > saliva > saline
Handle by crown, irrigate gently with saline (do not disrupt periodontal ligament fibers)
Pain control, manual pressure, splint
Doxycycline
Soft diet
Urgent dental follow up

References:
Beaudreau R.W. (2020). Oral and dental emergencies. Tintinalli J.E., & Ma O, & Yealy D.M., & Meckler G.D., & Stapczynski J, & Cline D.M., & Thomas S.H.(Eds.), Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 9e. McGraw Hill.

Amsterdam JT. Oral medicine. In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al., eds. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, Inc. 2014; (Ch) 70:895–908.

Benko, K. Acute Dental Emergencies in EM. EM Practice. 2003, 5(5)